Roman Vishniac

Émile Zola writes an open letter in reference to the Dreyfus Affair.

The American civil rights activist and writer W. E. B. Du Bois publishes The Philadelphia Negro.

Paul Villard, a French physicist, discovers gamma rays.

Work begins on the New York Subway. 

Rudyard Kipling publishes the book Kim.

About 150,000 United Mine Workers strike in Pennsylvania; President Theodore Roosevelt is involved in suspending the strike.

Jack London publishes The Call of the Wild.

W. E. B. Du Bois publishes The Souls of Black Folk.

Jack London's novel The sea-wolf is published.

In England, the first Garden City is designed, in an effort to improve the conditions of industrial cities by bringing together urban and country living environments.

The American writer Edith Wharton publishes The House of Mirth.

 Alisa Rosenbaum was born in St. Petersburg and grew up during the Russian Revolution. She changed her name to Ayn Rand and left Russia for the United States on October 29, 1925. 

The New York Police Department begins using fingerprints as a means of identification.

The Financial Panic of 1907 starts with the fall of the stock market and leads to the failure of banks throughout the United States.

Production of the Model-T automobile begins in Henry Ford's Michigan factory.

Frank Lloyd Wright designs the Robie House in Chicago, considered one of the most significant houses in the history of American architecture. It is built in the Prairie Style, which emphasizes the structure's relationship to its surrounding environment. 

Gertrude Stein publishes her short stories in Three Lives.

In Italy, Catholic teachers have to take an anti-modernist oath, in an effort to ensure that traditional tenets and texts of Catholicism are not challenged.

In New York, the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire kills 145 workers. The incident increases efforts to improve working conditions around the country.

The Armory Show opens in New York and has a significant influence on American artists.

The Los Angeles Aqueduct is completed, enabling the city to grow exponentially as water becomes accessible.

The architect Irving Gill designs the Dodge House in Los Angeles, in a manner that foreshadows aspects of the International Style.

Eugene O'Neill's first play opens, Bound East for Cardiff.

In New York, at the Society of Independent Artists, Marcel Duchamp exhibits his first readymade.

Amy Lowell publishes a selection of essays in Tendencies in Modern American Poetry.

The Russian artist Vladimir Tatlin constructs the model Monument to the Third International.

Sherwood Anderson publishes his stories in a collection entitled Winesburg, Ohio. 

Pablo Picasso paints Three Musicians.

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe constructs a model for what would have been the first glass skyscraper, had it been built.

Rudolph Schindler, a Viennese architect living in Los Angeles, completes work on his own residence. The Schindler House on King's Road is the first modern structure to be designed in a way that reflects the mild California climate. 

E.E. Cummings publishes a novel entitled The Enormous Room.

Jean Toomer publishes short stories, poems, and prose in a collection entitled Cane.

The German writer Thomas Mann publishes his novel Der Zauberberg (The Magic Mountain).

Käthe Kollwitz makes a lithograph entitled Nie Wieder Krieg (Never Again War).

Coco Chanel founds the company Parfums Chanel. 

In Mannheim, Germany, the first exhibition of Neue Sachlichkeit (New Objectivity) painting opens.

Construction finishes on Walter Gropius' Bauhaus building in Dessau, Germany.

Georges Lemaître, a French astrophysicist, develops a theory on the origins of the universe, known as the Big Bang Theory.

Martin Heidegger, a German philosopher, publishes Being and Time.

Le Corbusier designs the Villa Stein in France.

André Malraux publishes Royaume-Farfelu, a text influenced by surrealism.

Fritz Lang's film Spione is released.

Le Corbusier begins designing the modernist house Villa Savoye in France.

Erich Maria Remarque publishes his novel All Quiet on the Western Front.

Josef von Sternberg's film The Blue Angel is released in Germany. 

The Philadelphia Savings Fund Society, designed by George Howe and William Lescaze, is the first large-scale modernist European structure to be built in America.

On May 21, Amelia Earhart becomes the first woman to complete solo transatlantic flight. 

In an exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art in New York, Henry Russell Hitchcock and Philip Johnson coin the term "International Style" to refer to a type of architecture.

Gertrude Stein publishes The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas.

Langston Hughes publishes The Ways of White Folks.

Mikhail Sholokhov, a Russian writer, publishes the novel And Quiet Flows the Don.

The British writer Robert Graves publishes the novel I, Claudius.

Zora Neale Hurston's collection of folk tales entitled Mules and Men is published.

The Works Progress Administration (WPA) is begun by the federal government as part of the New Deal. The program provides employment for many artists.

John Keynes, an economist in Britain, publishes General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money.

In response to overcrowded urban living conditions, Frank Lloyd Wright postulates that a solution could be found by varying the density of different zones within the urban environment. He calls his design Broadacre City.

Zora Neale Hurston publishes her novel Their Eyes Were Watching God.

On July 2, Amelia Earhart and her navigator Fred Noonan vanish over the South Pacific in an attempt to complete a solo flight around the world.

The British author Graham Greene publishes his novel Brighton Rock.

Raymond Chandler publishes the novel The Big Sleep, which is the basis of two films, one made in 1946 and the other in 1978.

Ernest Hemingway publishes the novel For Whom the Bell Tolls.

Albert Einstein, living in the United States, writes a letter to Franklin Roosevelt, warning that German scientists may be close to developing an atomic bomb.

Twenty Centuries of Mexican Art opens at the Museum of Modern Art in New York.

Enrico Fermi, a physicist in America, builds a nuclear reactor in Chicago.

Frank Lloyd Wright starts designing the Guggenheim Museum in New York.

The United States prospers economically following the end of World War II.

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe begins to work on the Farnsworth House in Illinois.

Buckminster Fuller designs the geodesic dome.

Gregory Ain, after receiving a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1940 for the design of low-income housing, builds the Avenel Housing Group for musicians living in Los Angeles.

The architect Philip Johnson begins building a house with a wall of transparent glass in New Canaan, Connecticut.

Arthur Miller writes the play Death of a Salesman.

Jackson Pollock paints Autumn Rhythm.

Fernand Léger designs stained glass windows for Sacre Coeur, a church in France.

Jonas Salk successfully develops a vaccine against polio.